Chemical Structure & Technical Specifications
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Yam khoom |
Specification |
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Khoom npe |
Nooglutyl |
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Lwm cov npe |
Nooglutil, ONK-10 |
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CAS Nr |
112193-35-8 |
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IUPAC npe |
(2S)-2-[(5-hydroxypyridine-3-carbonyl)amino] pentanedioic acid |
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Molecular Formula |
C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₆ |
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Molecular Luj |
268.22 g / mol |
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Qhov tshwm sim |
Dawb mus rau dawb crystalline hmoov |
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Qib Purity |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 98% HPLC, Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 99% HPLC Xaiv |
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Solubility |
Soluble hauv dej thiab DMSO, me ntsis soluble hauv ethanol |
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SMILES |
C1=C(C=NC=C1O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O |
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Txee lub neej |
24 lub hlis nyob rau hauv lub kaw lus kaw thiab khaws cia zoo |
Product Overview
Nooglutyl CAS 112193-35-8|High Purity Nootropic Cognitive Research Powder
High-purity Nooglutyl (CAS 112193-35-8), tseem hu ua Nooglutil/ONK-10, yog ib tug muaj zog nootropic compound rau kev txawj ntse li, neuroprotection thiab glutamatergic txoj kev tshawb fawb. Lub Hoobkas muab 98% / 99% HPLC, ua tiav COA MSDS, thoob ntiaj teb shipping.
Tsis lees paub:Rau kev soj ntsuam kuaj tsuas siv xwb. Tsis yog rau tib neeg noj, kev kuaj mob, kev tswj xyuas kev kho mob, zaub mov, pub khoom noj lossis kev siv tshuaj pleev ib ce.
Nooglutyl, kuj muaj npe hu ua Nooglutil lossis ONK-10, yog ib qho khoom siv hluavtaws xws li nootropic thiab neuroprotective compound thawj zaug rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev puas hlwb thiab kev txawj ntse. Raws li kev ua haujlwm siab glutamatergic modulator, nws nthuav tawm kev paub txog kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm zoo dua piv nrog cov pa nootropic analogs, muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj kev sim tshuaj lom. Siv dav hauv cov chaw kuaj mob hlwb thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov chaw muag tshuaj R&D, Nooglutyl ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev kawm thiab kev nco txog, kev tiv thaiv kev raug mob ntawm lub hlwb, thiab kev cuam tshuam txog kev puas hlwb.
Qhov txawv ntawm cov tshuaj nootropic, Nooglutyl dual-regulates central paj hlwb excitatory signaling pathways. Nws ua tau zoo modulates AMPA thiab glutamate receptor kev ua, txhawb nqa acetylcholine tso tawm hauv lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg, txhim kho neuronal zog metabolism, thiab txhim kho kev nco thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Meanwhile, nws exerts tseem ceeb neuroprotective teebmeem tiv thaiv ischemic hlwb puas, oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab neuronal apoptosis, ua rau nws ib tug tseem ceeb kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv rau preclinical kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub hlwb raug mob, kev txawj ntse poob thiab neurodegenerative kab mob. Peb muab cov qib hwm-qib Nooglutyl hmoov nrog HPLC purity tswj nruj, zoo ib yam batch-to-batch stability, ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab hloov tau yooj yim ntim cov kev daws teeb meem los txhawb kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev tsim tshuaj tshuaj.
Product COA
Certificate Of Analysis
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Khoom npe |
NooglutylHmoov |
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Tshuaj Formula |
C11H12N2O6 |
Molecular Luj |
268.22 | |
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CAS |
112193-35-8 |
Batch Quantity |
400KG |
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Batch No. |
MLP-PPH-20231114 |
Hnub tsim khoom |
2025.11.14 |
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Tshaj Tawm Hnub |
2025.11.17 |
Hnub tim rov kuaj dua |
2027.11.13 |
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Cov khoom kuaj |
Specifications | Cov qhabnias xeem | |
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PEB 2010 /EP6 |
Qhov tshwm sim |
crystalline hmoov |
Ua raws |
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Melting point |
Txog 205 degree |
206.4℃~ 206.7 degree |
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Kev txheeb xyuas |
Ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua |
Ua raws |
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Qhov tshwm sim ntawm daws |
Ntshiab, tsis khaus ntau dua Y7 |
Ua raws |
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PH |
2.4~3.0 |
2.60 |
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Poob rau ziab |
Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.5% |
0.04% |
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Sulfated tshauv |
Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.1% |
0.01% |
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Cov hlau hnyav |
Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 20 ppm |
<20 ppm |
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Cov khoom muaj feem xyuam |
Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.25% |
Ua raws |
|
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Assay |
99.0%~101.0% |
99.8% |
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USP32 |
Kev txheeb xyuas |
Ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua |
Ua raws |
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Poob rau ziab |
Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.5% |
0.04% |
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Residue ntawm ignition |
Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.1% |
0.01% |
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Cov hlau hnyav |
Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.003% |
<0.003% |
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Residue kuab tshuaj - Ethanol |
Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.5% |
<0.04% |
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Chloride |
16.9%~17.6% |
17.1% |
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Assay |
98.0%~102.0% |
100.0% |
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Xaus: Cov khoom ua tau raws li BP2010 / USP32 / EP6 tus qauv |
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Mechanism ntawm Action & Pharmacological yam ntxwv
Chemical Properties & Quality Specifications
Technical Parameters
IUPAC npeN-(5-Hydroxynicotinoyl)-L-glutamic acid
Molecular Formula: C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₆
Molecular LujYog ': 268.23 g/mol
CAS Nr: 112193-35-8
Synonyms: Nooglutil, ONK-10, L-Glutamic acid, N-[(5-hydroxy-3-pyridinyl)carbonyl]-
Purity: Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99% (HPLC)
Qhov tshwm sim: Dawb mus rau dawb crystalline hmoov
SolubilitySoluble hauv dej (10 mg / mL), DMSO, thiab ethanol
Nooglutyl (CAS 112193-35-8) yog ib qho khoom siv ntau yam neuroactive me me molecule nrog dual nootropic thiab neuroprotective zog, featuring tshwj xeeb pharmacological zoo dua cov pa kev tshawb fawb tebchaw:
Muaj zog Glutamatergic Modulation: Nooglutyl lub hom phiaj thiab tswj lub hauv paus glutamate receptors thiab AMPA receptor signaling pathways, zoo optimizing excitatory synaptic kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Nws txoj kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev paub txog kev paub txog receptors yog qhov muaj zog dua li ntau lub ntsiab lus nootropic, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm synaptic plasticity thiab tso lub hauv paus rau kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev nco.
Cholinergic System Activation: Lub compound tuaj yeem txhawb kev tso tawm endogenous ntawm acetylcholine nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg neuronal, txhim khu lub hlwb lub zog metabolism thiab cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm neuronal thiab tiv thaiv kev qaug zog, thiab txhawb kev tshawb fawb tob txog kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm thiab kev nco txog kev sib koom ua ke.
Zoo heev Neuroprotective nyhuv: Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj neuronal los ntawm cerebral ischemia, hypoxia thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab, inhibits neuronal apoptosis, thiab kho cov synaptic puas. Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb no ua rau nws yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev mob stroke-induced hlwb raug mob thiab lwm yam kev paub tsis meej.
High Biosafety & Stable Dose Teb: Nooglutyl muaj tsawg intrinsic cytotoxicity thiab ib tug dav kev nyab xeeb kev sim concentration qhov rais. Nws tswj cov kev ua haujlwm pharmacological ruaj khov nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm tes thiab tsiaj sim yam tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog kev phiv, kom ntseeg tau siab rov ua dua thiab raug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sim.
Txhim kho kev txawj ntse Retention Ability: Sib txawv ntawm ib qho kev paub txog kev txawj ntse, nws tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qub tsim kev nco, sib sau ua ke thiab rov qab cov txheej txheem, muab kev txhawb nqa kev sim txhim khu kev qha rau kev tshawb nrhiav kev cuam tshuam rau cov hnub nyoog txog kev paub txog kev poob qis.
Cov ntawv thov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb
Raws li tus nqi siab nootropic cov cuab yeej sib xyaw thiab cov tshuaj nruab nrab, Nooglutyl tau siv dav hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb neuroscience thiab kev tsim tshuaj:
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Txawj Ntse: Siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev muaj peev xwm kawm, tsim kev nco, khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev saib xyuas; siv los tshawb txog cov txheej txheem molecular ntawm kev paub txog kev laus thiab lub hlwb ua haujlwm metabolism.
Neuroprotection & Brain Injury Research: Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo kev sim ntawm cerebral ischemia raug mob, hypoxic hlwb puas thiab oxidative neuronal raug mob, txhawb kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neuroprotective.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kab Mob Neurodegenerative: Siv nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb preclinical ntawm Alzheimer's kab mob, vascular dementia thiab me ntsis kev paub tsis meej, tshawb nrhiav cov phiaj xwm kev cuam tshuam zoo thiab txoj hauv kev kho mob rau kev paub tsis meej.
Glutamatergic Signaling Pathway Research: Ua tus qauv modulator rau kev kawm AMPA receptor thiab glutamate receptor activation mechanisms, synaptic transmissions thiab neuronal signal transduction networks.
Pharmaceutical Intermediate Development: Raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb rau cov tshuaj neuroactive tshiab thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj nootropic, txhawb nqa SAR (kev sib raug zoo-kev sib raug zoo) kev tshawb fawb thiab cov tshuaj tshiab cov tshuaj lead compound optimization.
Neurological Pharmacological Assay Development: Siv los tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov qauv thiab cov neuronal functional detection platforms rau high-throughput ntsuam xyuas ntawm tshiab neuroprotective thiab nootropic tebchaw.
Cia, Stability & International Shipping Instructions
Lub sijhawm khaws cia ntev: Store in a tightly sealed container at low temperature (2-8℃for short-term, -20℃for long-term storage), keep dry, dark and away from moisture and high temperature environment. Lub neej txee siv tau yog 24 lub hlis nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kaw cia.
Kev daws teeb meem: Aqueous thiab DMSO cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab tau npaj tshiab rau cov txiaj ntsig kev sim siab. Tsis txhob rov qab khov-thaw cycles. Cov tshuaj diluted raug pom zoo kom siv tsis pub dhau 7 hnub rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov.
Cov Lus Qhia Txhua Hnub: Tsis txhob raug ncaj qha rau lub teeb muaj zog thiab huab cua ntub. Hnav cov cuab yeej kev sim kev tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm hnyav thiab cov qauv npaj los tiv thaiv kev nqus plua plav thiab tiv thaiv kab mob.
Professional Export Ntim: Txais lub tshuab nqus tsev aluminium foil hnab ntim ntim rau cov khoom me me, thiab ntim khoom noj-qib nruas rau kev txiav txim ntau. Tag nrho cov khoom muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub teeb thiab noo noo, nrog cov dej khov ntim qhov kub thiab txias kev thauj mus los rau kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb kom ntseeg tau cov khoom lag luam thiab kev ruaj ntseg purity thaum lub sij hawm thauj mus los.
Daim ntawv ceeb toom tseem ceeb: Nooglutyl (CAS 112193-35-8) yog nruj me ntsis txwv rau kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj siv nkaus xwb. Nws tsis raug pom zoo rau kev kho mob, kev pub tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj pleev ib ce lossis kev siv pej xeem. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum lees paub cov cai tswj hwm hauv zos thiab kev ua raws cai ua ntej muab xaj.
Peb Cov Khoom & Khoom Zoo Zoo
High Purity & Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo: Muab 98% / 99% high-purity Nooglutyl hmoov, nrog kev tswj nruj ntawm cov hlau hnyav, cov kuab tshuaj residual thiab impurities. Batch HPLC kuaj xyuas kom ruaj khov thiab zoo ib yam khoom zoo, ua tau raws li kev kawm thiab kev lag luam R & D cov qauv.
Ua kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv raug cai: Kev pub dawb ntawm COA, HPLC tshawb pom daim ntawv qhia, MSDS cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb, daim ntawv qhia kev thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa, uas tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha rau kev kuaj ua ntaub ntawv thiab kev lis kev cai thoob ntiaj teb.
Saj zawg zog Custom Ntim: Txhawb ntau yam tshwj xeeb suav nrog 10mg, 50mg, 100mg, 500mg, 1g kuaj cov pob me me thiab kilogram-theem bulk wholesale. Txhawb customized lub tshuab nqus tsev sealing thiab labeling cov kev pab cuam.
Factory Direct Supply & Fast Delivery: Kev ywj pheej ntau lawm rhiav thiab txaus qhov chaw cov khoom muag, tshem tawm cov neeg muag khoom nruab nrab, xyuas kom muaj kev sib tw ex-Factory tus nqi thiab lub sij hawm luv luv, txhawb kev xa khoom sai.
Professional Ntiaj teb no Export Service: Kev nplua nuj nyob hauv kev hla ciam teb tshuaj raw khoom xa tawm, ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm xa tawm, txhawb nqa ntau lub teb chaws kev xa khoom thiab ntau txoj kev them nyiaj, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb.
One-stop Technical Support: Muab cov kev taw qhia kev tshaj lij nrog rau cov khoom lag luam solubility tsis, txoj kev sib cais, kev siv tshuaj ntau npaum li cas thiab cov tswv yim khaws cia los daws cov neeg siv khoom cov teeb meem kev sim.
Nug & Quotation
Yog tias koj xav tau high-purity Nooglutyl (CAS 112193-35-8) rau koj qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj lossis cov kws kho mob R&D, thov koj xav tiv tauj peb nrog koj cov qib purity, kom muaj nuj nqis thiab lub tebchaws. Peb yuav muab koj cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws, ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom thiab cov kev daws teeb meem ntim raws li cov sijhawm ua haujlwm. Dawb COA qauv ntsuas kev pabcuam muaj rau cov neeg siv khoom ntau.
SEO Cov ntsiab lus
Nooglutyl CAS 112193-35-8, Nooglutyl ONK-10, Nooglutyl 99% HPLC hmoov, Nooglutyl nootropic compound, Nooglutyl cognitive tshawb fawb tshuaj, Nooglutyl neuroprotective reagent, Nooglutyl kws tshuaj intermediate, glutamatergyl
Daim Ntawv Thov & Kev Muaj Peev Xwm Kho Mob
Kev txawj ntse
Txhim kho kev nco khaws cia thiab kev kawm muaj peev xwm
Txhim khu kev ua kom pom tseeb, kev xav pom tseeb, thiab kev xav
Txhawb kev paub txog kev ua tau zoo hauv kev kawm thiab chaw ua haujlwm
Tej zaum yuav pab txo qis kev paub txog hnub nyoog
Neuroprotection
Tiv thaiv ischemic neuronal puas thiab puas hlwb raug mob
Cov tshuaj muaj antihypoxic thiab antiamnesic zog
Muaj peev xwm kho cov kab mob neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's)
Txhawb kom rov zoo los ntawm kev mob stroke thiab mob hlwb raug mob
Cov ntawv thov tshawb fawb
Tshawb nrhiav glutamate thiab dopamine receptor kev sib cuam tshuam
Kawm synaptic plasticity thiab nco tsim mechanisms
Tsim cov kev kho tshiab rau kev paub tsis meej
Tshawb nrhiav cov tswv yim tiv thaiv neuroprotective hauv cov qauv tsiaj
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb & Kev Kho Mob
Preclinical Research Highlights
Txhim Kho Kev Nco
Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias muaj kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kev nco thiab khaws cia hauv cov qauv tsiaj, nrog cov txheej txheem kev txawj ntse tau pom nyob thoob plaws ntau qhov kev kawm paradigms.
Neuroprotection
Nooglutyl nthuav tawm cov khoom muaj zog antihypoxic, tiv thaiv ischemic neuronal puas thiab txo cov hlwb raug mob hauv cov qauv mob stroke.
Cov teebmeem anxiolytic
Kev hloov pauv ntawm dopamine D2 receptors nyob rau hauv striatum ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev los tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab yam tsis muaj sedation lossis lub cev muaj zog.
Anti-Amnesic Properties
Tiv thaiv kev puas hlwb los ntawm ntau yam amnesic agents, qhia kev cog lus rau kev kho mob nco.
Tshaj tawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb
Voronina TA, et al. "Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm nooglutil ntawm benzodiazepine tshem tawm syndrome thiab khi ntawm 3H-spiperone nrog D2 receptors hauv nas striatum." Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002 Nov; 134(5):448-50.
Cov kev tshawb fawb preclinical ntxiv muaj nyob rau thaum thov
Quality Assurance & Analysis
HPLC Purity Analysis: Certificate of Analysis (COA) muab nrog txhua pawg
Pawg Spectrometry: Kev txheeb xyuas tus kheej molecular
NMR Spectroscopy: Structureal integrity validation
Elemental Analysis: C, H, N, O cov ntsiab lus pov thawj
Kev kuaj kev ruaj ntseg: 24-lub hlis txee lub neej raws li kev pom zoo cia
Mechanism ntawm Action
Nooglutyl exerts nws cov teebmeem los ntawm ob lub ntsiab mechanisms:
AMPA Receptor Modulation
Ua raws li qhov zoo allosteric modulator ntawm AMPA-type glutamate receptors
Txhim kho sai excitatory neurotransmission thiab synaptic plasticity
Txhim kho kev nco tsim thiab kev kawm muaj peev xwm
Txhawb neuroprotection tiv thaiv ischemic thiab hypoxic hlwb puas
Dopamine D2 Receptor Regulation
Modulates dopamine D2 receptor muaj nuj nqi hauv striatum
Txo kev ntxhov siab thiab txhim kho txoj kev xav
Txhim khu kev txawj ntse yooj thiab kev ua haujlwm
Muaj peev xwm pab tau hauv kev kho qee yam kev puas siab puas ntsws
Lwm yam Nootropics Raw Material kuj muaj
| Tianeptine sodium ntsev | 99% | 30123-17-2 |
| Tianeptine Acid | 99% | 66981-73-5 |
| Noopept | 99% | 157115-85-0 |
| Alpha-gpc | 99%/50% | 28319-77-9 |
| 5-HTP | 99% | 56-69-9 |
| CDP-Choline | 99% | 987-78-0 |
| Oxiracetam | 99% | 62613-82-5 |
| NSI-189 | 99% | 1270138-40-3 |
| Sunifiram | 99% | 314728-85-3 |
| Unifiram | 99% | 272786-64-8 |
| Pramiracetam | 99% | 68479-62-1 |
| Piracetam | 99% | 7491-74-9 |
| Agomelatin | 99% | 138112-76-2 |
Ntim & Shipping
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj:Nyob ib ncig ntawm 3-5 hnub ua haujlwm tom qab koj them nyiaj.
Pob: 1kg / aluminium ntawv ci hnab; 25Kgs hauv fiber ntau nruas nrog ob lub hnab yas sab hauv
Nthiab Nyhav:25kgs / Nruas / Gross Nyhav: 28kgs / Nruas
Drum Size & Volume:ID 42cm × H52cm, 0.08 m³ / Nruas
Cia:Khaws rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav thiab txias, kom deb ntawm lub teeb thiab cua sov.
Lub neej txee:Ob xyoos thaum khaws cia zoo.
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Pob |
1kg / hnab, 25kg / hnab; 25kg / nruas; customize raws li cov neeg siv khoom. |
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Kev thauj mus los |
Fedex, TNT, DHL, EMS, thiab lwm yam. |
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Chaw nres nkoj shipping |
Shanghai/Tianjin/Dalian/Beijing/Xi'an |
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Lub Sijhawm Lead |
1-2 hnub ua haujlwm tom qab tau txais cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm |
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Rau kev txiav txim loj, nws yuav xa los ntawm huab cua lossis hiav txwv. |
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FAQ
Q: 1. Kuv xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov khoom, kuv tuaj yeem tiv tauj koj li cas?
A: Koj tuaj yeem xa email nug peb txhua lub sijhawm. Yog xav paub ntau ntxiv, kuv xav tau cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no: cov khoom npe, xaj kom muaj nuj nqis, lub teb chaws tau txais, cov kev xav tau zoo, thiab lwm yam.
Q: 2. Kuv yuav paub li cas yog tias koj cov khoom muaj tseeb lossis cuav?
A: Peb yuav tshuaj xyuas txhua qhov khoom xa tuaj. Kuv tuaj yeem muab cov ntawv xeem suav nrog HPLC, MS thiab HNMR yog tias koj xav tau. Thov nrhiav tus kws tshaj lij kws tshuaj los pab koj paub meej tias qhov tseeb ntawm daim ntawv xeem.
Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov qauv coj los coj koj ncig koj qhov kev ntseeg siab.
Q: 3. Koj ua li cas thiaj li ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm pob khoom kuv tau txais?
A: Kuv xav tau lub pob kom zoo, Kuv yuav tsum xub paub koj qhov chaw nyob xa khoom, koj puas muaj txoj kev xa khoom xa tuaj, koj puas yuav los ntawm Tuam Tshoj?
Vim li cas koj thiaj xav paub?
Vim tias txhua lub teb chaws muaj cov kev cai sib txawv rau cov pob khoom txawv teb chaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv tshuaj, koj yuav tsum paub cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim los muab kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau koj.
Tam sim no, peb muaj cov kws tshaj lij kev lis kev cai tshem tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv EU lub tebchaws, Tebchaws Meskas, Tebchaws Meskas, Canada, thiab cov tebchaws Esxias sab hnub tuaj. Peb muaj cov kws tshaj lij kev lis kev cai tshem tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm pob khoom.
Q: 4. Yuav them li cas?
A: Peb cov kev them nyiaj xws li bittoin, bank card, Western Union, Allegitudes, thiab lwm yam.
Nws yog feem ntau pom zoo tias cov neeg siv khoom them nrog Bitcoin, vim tias tus nqi qis, qhov nkag tau nrawm, thiab kev ruaj ntseg yog lav.
Q: 5. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev npaum li cas thiaj tau txais pob?
A: Qhov no yuav txawv raws li txoj kev xa khoom koj xaiv. Kuv yuav qhia luv luv txog peb cov kab tshwj xeeb uas nquag siv.
Feem ntau cov teb chaws Europe 10-15 hnub tom qab xa koj tus lej taug qab.
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Canada, feem ntau nws yuav siv sijhawm 7-10 hnub.
Cov teb chaws Esxias sab hnub tuaj yog 3-7 hnub.
Cim npe nrov: zoo 99% nooglutyl hmoov, Tuam Tshoj zoo 99% nooglutyl hmoov manufacturers, lwm tus neeg, Hoobkas
